SOLIDIONIC

Fig. 1-1-Phase diagramm

Hydroxide compounds have been obtained in accordance with well known phase diagrams from individual compound (red stars) LiOH, NaOH, KOH , H2O. Under study crystalline hydrates KOH.H2O, KOH.2H2O, NaOH.H2O and solid eutectic LiOH+1,5NaOH, KOH+NaOH KOH+KOH.H2O. Vertical lines indicate the range of high proton conductivity.

Fig. 1-2 Tree families of protonic conducters

Tree families protonic conductor. Blue lines – perovskite doped by inovalent cations. Red lines – acid salts individual and complex. These data collected from literature. Black lines – our complex hydroxide compounds as the same from Fig.1-1

Fig. 1-3 Isotopic effect of conductivity of solid eutectic NaOH+KOH

The ingot of length 8 cm and diameter 6 mm. 395 K. Changing of isotope composition in the course of contact wth molecular hydrogen. These periods are shown on Fig. 2-4. Isotopic effect of conductivity of solid eutectic KOH+NaOH. This figure demonstrates  changing of the conductivity after changing the isotopic composition (H/D) at step by step in the course of contact with molecular hydrogen of desirable isotopic compositions.  At 395 K. The solid sample is the ingot of length 8 cm and diameter 6 mm. The duration of each step  are shown on Fig. 2-4. It has been performed the increase of D up to 96 at% and then the return to low protium content

Fig. 1-4 Isotopic effect in cristalline protonics

Solid protonic conductors KOH •H2O , KOH •2H2O , NaOH •H2O and isotopic effect of their conductivities as the evidence for the proton as the charge carrier. For comparison CsOH •H2O (Spaeth, 1997) is shown. Isotopically different hydroxide hydrates of KOH have been measured in the same cell to avoid difficulties at the determination of geometrical factor to evaluate specific conductivity.